India, formally the Republic of India (Bharat Ga?arajya),is a nation in South Asia. It is the seventh-biggest nation by region, the second-most crowded nation (with more than 1.2 billion individuals), and the most crowded majority rules system on the planet. It is limited by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It offers arrive outskirts with Pakistan toward the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan toward the upper east; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh toward the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the region of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands impart an oceanic outskirt to Thailand and Indonesia. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the third thousand years BCE. In the next thousand years, the most established sacred texts related with Hinduism started to be made. Social stratification, in view of standing, rose in the principal thousand years BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism emerged. Early political unions occurred under the Maurya and Gupta realms; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms impacted societies to the extent southeast Asia. In the medieval time, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism developed, all adding to the locale's assorted culture. A significant part of the north tumbled to the Delhi sultanate; the south was joined under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy extended in the seventeenth century in the Mughal domain. In the mid-eighteenth century, the subcontinent went under British East India Company administer, and in the mid-nineteenth under British crown run the show. A patriot development rose in the late nineteenth century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for peaceful resistance and prompted India's freedom in 1947
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